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Amaterasu; The Illuminating Shinto Goddess of The Sun, Creation, and The Higher Celestial Plane

Amaterasu is the primary deity of the Shinto religion in Japanese mythology, revered as the goddess of the sun, universe, and creation itself, and considered the highest manifestation of the spirit of the universe. As the source of all light, life, and creation, the sun goddess sustains heaven and earth with a light so compelling that her father appointed her ruler of the universe when he first laid eyes on her. 

As the embodiment of the sun, she assimilates all of its qualities and provides comfort and assurance to all those who look to her for guidance and protection. Having served as the mother of the imperial family she is revered as the goddess of the state, and is both nurturing and maternal.

 Born from the drops of water that fell from his face, Amaterasu is deeply connected to mirrors, which are seen as sacred objects that contain a sliver of her spirit. Her blessings permeate many aspects of Japanese life, from protecting warriors in battle to ensuring bountiful harvests. Revered throughout history, even the imperial family claims descent from Amaterasu. Her benevolent light continues to guide the Japanese people through dark times. Let me shine her illuminating light for you to see and learn all that her rays touch and influence in your life!

Who is Amaterasu?

She has a shimmering aura that spreads across the skies and touches all corners of the world. Amaterasu signifies a new day with hope, energy, and growth. From the moment of her creation Amaterasu Omikami, the sun goddess of Japanese mythology, was said to be so radiant that she illuminated both heaven and earth. Goddess Amaterasu is the Goddess of the Sun worshiped in Japan. 

Possessing the rising sun as a symbol, every morning she is greeted by the people through prayers. Amaterasu is one of the main Goddesses of Shinto. In Shinto it is common for Goddesses and Gods to be called “Kami”, therefore it is common to see the name Amaterasu-ōmikami which means something close to “Great” Kami that illuminates the heavens.”

Goddess Amaterasu is described as a radiant and kind Goddess who brings light, joy, and prosperity to her people. Her femininity and nurturance blend with her forceful solar nature. Her influence extends beyond physical aspects; she is linked to enlightenment, wisdom, and artistic inspiration.  She is also credited with first using silkworms and looms for weaving.

She is the daughter of the divine creators of the world, Izanami and Izanagi, and she has two brothers: Tsukuyomi, the God of the Moon, and Susanoo, the God of Storms and seas. It was written that Amaterasu had painted the landscape with her siblings to create ancient Japan.

Amaterasu, Japan’s sun goddess of legend, is known for her powerful and benevolent ways. One story tells of her brother’s misdeeds causing her to retreat into a cave, and the other gods’ plan to coax her out again, resulting in the birth of dance and music which we will talk about later.

The radiant god is believed to be the ancestor of Japan’s imperial family, and her divine power is said to have been passed down through generations. She is associated with Shintoism, Japan’s native religion, with sunlight representing purity and enlightenment. 

A sacred mirror reflects her true form and is venerated in Shinto shrines throughout Japan. It symbolizes truth and self-reflection, encouraging us to embrace our own radiance and divinity. Amaterasu has played a fundamental role in Japan’s culture, from ancient times to today. Her influence runs deep, becoming part of the country’s collective identity.

What does she look like?

Amaterasu is a revered deity known for her ethereal beauty and enchanting presence. Often depicted as graceful, the sun goddess has long, lustrous black hair, radiant skin, and bright eyes. Her attire consists of flowing kimonos crafted from the finest silks and satins. Such richly detailed depictions of the goddess have helped to cement her place as one of the most beloved and celebrated figures in Japanese folklore and culture.

Ruler of the higher celestial plane

Amaterasu is also known for her role as the ruler of the Higher Celestial Plane. In this realm, she was responsible for bringing light to the world through the sun that she embodied. Amaterasu is the rising and setting sun: without her, all forms of life would cease to exist. As ruler of the heavens, she governs over all spirits (kami), and her divine powers brought about the cultivation of rice and wheat: she is also credited with first using silkworms and looms for weaving. Amaterasu’s role as the ruler of heaven is to ensure the continuity of life by maintaining order.

Her tie to the imperial state

The Japanese monarchy is regarded as the oldest continuous hereditary monarchy in the world, with its roots extending all the way back to the 7th century BC. Like many other ancient monarchies, the Emperors of Japan trace their ancestry to a divine source, though it may be said that there are certain differences between the divinity of the Japanese Emperor and those of other rulers who claimed divinity.

It is said that the first emperors of Japan were direct descendants of Amaterasu. It is believed that Amaterasu sent her grandson Jimmu to Earth 3,000 years ago to be the first ruler of Japan, beginning the divine family of Japanese emperors. Even her sacred sword (Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi), her jewel (Yasakani in the Magatama) and her mirror (Yata no Kagami), the goddess’s main symbol, are still guarded to this day as Imperial Treasures.

Goddess of creation

Amaterasu is believed to be one of the oldest gods. She played an important role in creating Japan and its people. Her divine light illuminated the world and caused many phenomena. Amaterasu is the rising and setting sun: without her, all forms of life would cease to exist. As ruler of the heavens, she governs over all spirits (kami), and her divine powers brought about the cultivation of rice and wheat.

Amaterasu The spiritual guide

Amaterasu is the spiritual guide and protector of the Japanese people. Many festivals are held in her honor. She symbolizes hope, prosperity, and purity. She gets this role because of her incredibly high status as the kami of the higher celestial plane. Since this is said to be a realm she has domain over it would of course make her the spiritual guide to the people.

Amaterasu and duality

Since I am a grey witch and live in the liminal spaces every single deity I work with I look for how they can connect to duality. How do they represent the universal concept of duality that every being is meant to achieve in the universe. I feel with light deities this gets overlooked often and is much more focused on with dark deities. Amaterasu does this very well, in the fact that she is the sun that can both bring and sustain all life and it can smother it and snuff it out. If you think about it we as humans love the sun and NEED it to survive but, our bodies aren’t really made for it either. Our skin burns, we sweat, and we can only tolerate low heats of it. 

The same thing with her being a deity of  light. Light can illuminate and shine brightly to allow us to see. It can also shine so brightly It can blind us and send us off in the direction. She also does this by being the kami to embody all of the universe. How can she encompass all of the universe and she not be steeped in duality?

Amaterasu and the Divine feminine 

The myth of the Goddess Amaterasu emphasizes female power. The absence of the Goddess and the resulting aridity and darkness of the world demonstrate the importance of the woman, who must be respected, recognized and honored as a source of life and energy. You also see her importance with the divine feminine in being a solar deity and her simply being a goddess. It is common across cultures especially in the west and after christianity that the sun is represented as a masculine energy with a god.

Her Association with Other Elements of Nature

Amaterasu is not only the goddess of the sun, but also holds significance in the association with other elements of nature. In Japanese mythology, she is responsible for sending forth the four winds and for creating the typhoons that are prevalent in Japan.

She is also associated with the regulation of the tides, agriculture, and rainfall. These associations with natural elements have given Amaterasu significant power in shaping the lives and culture of the Japanese people.

Mythology and stories

The birth of Amaterasu

According to the beliefs of the Shinto religion, Amaterasu is the child of Izanami and Izanagi, the two primordial gods responsible for the creation of the Japanese islands. Izanami is recognized as ‘she who invites,’ while Izanagi is known as ‘he who invites.’ Amaterasu’s birth is shrouded in myth, with multiple versions of the story found in Japanese sacred texts. The Nihon Shoki includes two versions of the tale, while the Kojiki or Furukotofum contains the most widely accepted account of her conception

The Nihon Shoki

The Nihon Shoki, or Chronicles of Japan, is a highly esteemed history book that dates back to classical Japan. As the second-oldest text in Japanese history, it is more detailed and comprehensive than its predecessor, the Kojiki. Its value to historians stems from the fact that it contains the most extensive historical records of ancient Japanese history. Along with this, it also includes a collection of myths about the origins of Japan and a genealogy of the Imperial family. 

In the Nihongi, there are two versions of the origins of Amaterasu. In the first version, the divine beings Izanagi and Izanami no Mikoto are said to have descended from heaven and created Japan’s islands, mountains, rivers, and seas. They were, however, most concerned with bringing forth the high Kami who would rule over all these lands. First, they brought forth Amaterasu Omikami, who emanated light from every horizon. In their joy, the divine parents sent the child to heaven to reign over the highest celestial plain (Takama No Hara). Following Amaterasu’s ascent to heaven, Tsukiyomi no Mikoto, the Moon Kami, came into existence and was sent to join Amaterasu as her brother and husband, Soon after, her brother Susano-O no Mikoto, the Storm Kami, was created and sent to control the seas.

In the second version of the myth found in the Nihongi, the divine progenitor is solely named Izanagi (“Amaterasu – New World Encyclopedia” 2019). In this particular narrative, Izanagi desired to create a deity worthy of governing the universe. After careful consideration, he took hold of a white-copper mirror in his left hand and created Amaterasu Omikami. Then he took another mirror of the same material in his right hand and used it to produce Tsukiyomi no Mikoto. Lastly, Izanagi turned his head and looked askance, leading to the emergence of Susano-O.

The Kojiki

The Kojiki, also known as the Furukotofumi or “Records of Ancient Matters,” is a priceless artifact that provides valuable insights into the ancient history of Japan. It was compiled during the first half of 680 C.E. at the command of Emperor Temmu and remains the oldest surviving book of its kind. 

According to the Kojiki, the final and most widely accepted version of Amaterasu’s birth involves Izanagi and Izanami creating the islands of Japan and the entire natural universe. That is until Kagu-Tsuchi’s birth. Unfortunately, upon emerging from his mother’s womb, Kagu-Tsuchi singed his mother, causing Izanami to become gravely wounded. Despite attempts to save her, Izanami ultimately succumbed to her injuries and passed away. Amid his grief, Izanagi sought to retrieve his beloved Izanami from Yomi, the underworld. With a heavy heart, he journeyed to the land of the dead and searched for her. However, upon finding her, he was devastated to discover that her flesh was decaying and covered in maggots. Despite his desperate pleas, Izanami could not leave the realm of the dead and return with him to the world above. 

Barely escaping Yomi, Izanagi went to purify himself and bathed in a nearby river, cleansing himself of any remnants of the underworld that may have clung to him. As he washed his face, something miraculous occurred. When he rinsed his left eye, a radiant figure emerged – Amaterasu, the goddess of the sun. Overcome with wonder and amazement, Izanagi continued to wash his face. Soon after, he rinsed his right eye, and then Tsukiyomi no Mikoto, the god of the moon, emerged. Finally, as he rinsed his nose, Susano-O no Mikoto, the god of storms, appeared before him. As a result of great sorrow and loss, three mighty deities emerged, each representing a distinct aspect of the natural world.

Amaterasu hides inside the Ama-no-Iwato

The main story involving Goddess Amaterasu Goddess tells when she hid in a cave due to sadness. According to Kojiki, the main book that tells the Shinto myth of creation, Susanoo caused many problems and, for that reason, he was expelled from the skies. The main problem he caused greatly upset Amaterasu, let me tell it below.

There was a long-standing rivalry between Amaterasu and her other brother, Susanoo. When he was to leave Heaven by order of Izanagi, he went to bid his sister goodbye. Amaterasu was suspicious, but when Susanoo proposed a challenge to prove his sincerity, she accepted. Each of them took an object of the other’s and from it birthed gods and goddesses. Amaterasu birthed three women from Susanoo’s sword while he birthed five men from her necklace. Claiming the gods were hers because they were born of her necklace, she decided that she had won the challenge. 

The two were content for a time, but her brother became restless and went on a rampage, destroying Amaterasu’s rice fields, hurling a flayed pony at her loom, and killing one of her attendants in a fit of rage. Amaterasu, who was in fury and grief, hid inside the Ama-no-Iwato (“heavenly rock cave”), thus effectively hiding the sun for a long period of time. The world, without the illumination of the sun, became dark.

The fields begin to die, the vegetation does not grow anymore, the cold takes over everything. Not even the Gods can reverse the situation. No one can persuade Amaterasu to leave the cave. Fearing eternal darkness, the God of Wisdom Omoikane has a great idea. The Gods organized a party at the entrance of the cave. A mirror was raised so Amaterasu could see her own reflection. 

Goddess Uzume began to dance. She was so happy dancing that she ended up losing her clothes, exposing her breasts. She then says that the Gods have found another Goddess as beautiful and radiant as Amaterasu. Then she recites the verses: 

Hito futa miyo. Itsu muyu nana. Ya koko no tari. Momo chi yorodzu. Which means: Gods, look at the entrance to the cave. The Majesty appears! Rejoice! Our hearts are happy. Look at my breasts and my limbs.

Listening to the noise and laughter of the other gods, Amaterasu decides to spy out of the cave. Seeing her image reflected in the mirror, and dazzled by her own beauty, Amaterasu emerges from the cave. She was received with songs of praise and let herself be carried back to her golden palace, illuminating the world again. This story is also thought to be the birth of dance and music.

Amaterasu and Tsukuyomi: The legend of night and day

Another important story involving the Goddess Amaterasu is found in the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan). Tlegend begins with Tsukuyomi and Amaterasu serving as the deities of heaven as husband and wife. One day, Uke Mochi, the goddess of food, invited Amaterasu over for a feast: not being able to go, Amaterasu sent Tsukuyomi instead.

Tsukuyomi meets Ukemochi and she prepares a banquet for him, creating all her food through her mouth. Tsukuyomi finds everything very disgusting and kills Ukemochi, leaving Amaterasu deeply saddened. Since then, Amaterasu and Tsukuyomi are no longer together.After their separation, the sun goddess Amaterasu and the moon god Tsukuyomi took control of the sky separately, one illuminating the day while the other cast a soft glow over the night.

Festivals And Rituals

A leading figure in Japanese spiritual and cultural traditions, Amaterasu’s legacy endures to this day. Many devotees seek blessings and guidance from the Goddess through many shrines and temples across Japan. 

The Grand Shrine of Ise is the most prominent shrine dedicated to Amaterasu in Ise, Mie, in western Honshū. The shrine is believed to enshrine the body of Amaterasu, and it is considered the holiest site for Shintoists. It is customary to rebuild the Inner Shrine at Isé every twenty years as per Shinto tradition, ensuring that it remains pure and new. Visitors worship outside the southern gate, while only priests and members of the imperial family can enter the innermost sanctum. It is customary for Shinto believers to make a pilgrimage to the shrine at least once in their lifetime.

There are also other significant shrines that worship Amaterasu, such as the Amanoiwato Shrine and the Atsuta Shrine.The Amanoiwato Shrine is located in the cave where Amaterasu famously hid during the story of her retreat, while the Atsuta Shrine is believed to house the sword that was passed down from Amaterasu’s grandson, Ninigi.

Amaterasu’s importance to Japanese history is evident in the imperial regalia of Japan, which have been passed down from her grandson Ninigi. These three artifacts – a mirror, a sword, and a jewel – are believed to be the symbols of the Japanese imperial family and their rule.

The mirror is said to represent wisdom, the sword bravery, and the jewel benevolence. The regalia are kept in the Tokyo Imperial Palace and only brought out for coronations and other important rituals.

In Japan, there are annual street processions to honor Amaterasu on July 17th and a winter solstice celebration on December 21st: commemorating Amaterasu’s emerging from the cave, bringing light and warmth back into the world.

Correspondences

First, what is a correspondence? A correspondence is an item or symbol that is meant to connect you to a specific energy thru it’s representation. It is seen also as an item to respect, honor, and venerate that energy as well whether it be a deity, an archetype energy , or the zodiac energy the moon is currently in like I will list below for you to use.

  • Planet- The sun, Higher celestial plane, the universe
  • Animal-The raven and white wolf, horses, snakes, sometimes kitsunes but most often they are connected to Inari okami
  • Element- Fire, but she is uniquely connected to all elements
  • Sex- Feminine
  • Symbol- Sun, Rooster, Crow, Pheasant, Raven, Mirror, Sword, infinity symbol
  • colors- Yellow, Gold, Orange, Red
  • Themes- sun, higher celestial plane, the universe, queen of the kami, light, the imperial family, The nation of japan, joy, happiness, laughter, dance, vitality, energy, protection, wisdom, strength, nourishment, purity, health, abundance, radiation, unity, blessings, community, and kinship.
  • Chakra-Solar plexus, Crown chakra, root chakra
  • Herbs-Heliotrope, Sandalwood, Rose, Grapefruit, Lemon, Bergamot, rice, chamomile, marigold, carnation, sunflower, juniper, chrysanthemum, Sakura cherry tree
  • Stones/ crystals- Sunstone, Gold, Danburite, Citrine, Tigers Eye, Yellow Jasper, amber, carnelian, Rose Quartz
  • Metal- gold

Why work with Amaterasu?

This beautiful Goddess will bring the joy back to your life. Helping you find joy in all aspects of your life, helping you to laugh and have fun. She will help you relax and enjoy the little things in life and just be in the moment. Call on her when you are feeling overwhelmed and worried or feeling down and she will bring some spark back into you. Helping you see the bright side of things and to give you a powerful boost of shining light, shining joy and lots of laughter!

Ways to work with Amaterasu

Everyone’s relationship with deities is different and we all work with and believe in them differently. You might believe in multiple gods and goddesses and work with them each as though they are close, personal friends. Or maybe you believe the old gods are reflections of Universal energy and simply archetype energies that you can learn a lesson from. However you incorporate deities in your practice is up to you. But here are our ideas to get you started. To work with Amaterasu, it’s important to approach her with respect, reverence, gratitude and by building a relationship with her.

Study, get to know her

As with every deity I have ever written about or taught about, The first way to get to know a deity, specifically a goddess like Amaterasu is to study all you can about her. Read more about the myths we went over above, learn about the other kami connected to her, look at the brilliant art she is the centerpiece of throughout centuries, study the culture and religion she is central to;Japan and shintoism. When working with a deity it is all about building a true relationship with them and you do this first by getting to know who they are.

Create a Kamindana in your home to connect to and honor her

To add her to your home and to create a sacred space to go and meet with her you can create a kamidana dedicated to her. A kamidana is a miniature Shinto shrine designed for home worship. It is very similar to having an altar dedicated to any of the deities I have talked about before. You can learn how to create a kamidana to add to your home for her in my previous blog post here; https://modgepodgemystic.com/shintoism-the-way-of-the-kami/

Offerings

Everyone likes receiving presents. Amaterasu is no different, especially since she is such a revered deity and so central to every part of Japanese life and culture.  You don’t have to give her offerings every day, but when you feel it is appropriate. You can place these offerings at your kamidana or when performing any work to connect to her like meditation, prayer, and visualization.

The best offerings for Amaterasu include:

  • Rice crackers
  •  cooked rice dyed with saffron
  •  paper origami figures
  • Grain or rice as an offering, inside a brass or gold offering dish/bowl 
  • A magick mirror dedicated to Amaterasu
  • Sandalwood oil
  • A special cloth, like silk

Greet her at sunrise

Amaterasu is everywhere through the sunlight. Even on cloudy days, she graced the earth with her warmth and kindness. There is no need to summon a Goddess who is already so present among us, but it is common to greet her at sunrise and reflect her light with a mirror through the rooms of the house letting her enter the rooms to bring peace, energy and life. Otherwise your greeting can be as simple as giving a respectful bow and clapping. How to do this; at first, bow twice to greet the kami. Then clap twice, and make a pray with your both hands together. At last, bow again to show gratitude towards the deity.

Mirror Guidance 

Another way of summoning the Goddess can be done at times when you wish advice from the Goddess. For being the Goddess of the Sun, Amaterasu can light up your mind and overshadow illusions that may be blocking your path. To do this ritual, first, take a mirror. It can be any mirror you have in your home or a mirror that you want to use especially for these occasions. Bow before the mirror, greeting the Goddess as the Japanese do. Then look into your own eyes and call Amaterasu eight times, the number of infinity. Concentrate and listen to the words of the Goddess.

To learn how to work with mirrors more in your life to connect to here you can watch my previous class all about mirror magic below!

Sunbathing

Obviously Amaterasu is a solar goddess and therefore she enjoys warmth, sunlight, and hot climates. So why not get out in the sun and do a little sunbathing? It feels great, gives you energy, and allows you to soak up the magical energy the sun has to offer us humans as the vital energy of our existence.

Perform solar magic

Like we just talked about, Amaterasu  is a solar goddess so a very obvious way to connect to and work with her would be performing and working with any kind of solar magic. There are so many different ways to work with solar magic and the sun from meditating under its bright rays, making sun water, drawing down the sun and more. To learn all about solar magic and connecting to the sun and how to do so you can read about it here in my previous blog post; https://modgepodgemystic.com/solar-magic-a-guide-to-harness-the-bright-vibrant-and-confident-magical-energy-of-the-sun/

Call on her for abundance

Since, Amaterasu is the deity of the sun, and the reason we have all sustenance to survive and thrive as humans she is amazing to work with for abundance! Call on her when doing any abundance spells, working or rituals for a more boosted and amplified affect. To learn how to work with the energy of abundance you can read all about it in my guide here; https://modgepodgemystic.com/all-about-the-magic-of-abundance-prosperity-and-good-fortune/

Meditation, visualization and Dream work

One of the best ways to channel divine energy and tap into goddesses like Amaterasu  is through meditation, visualization and dreaming.  These practices allow you to open up and receive/ connect to divine energy in a very intuitive, clear, and transformative way.  You will find a plethora of guided meditations on YouTube that will lead you to your spirit guide or god/goddess.. Try those if you have a hard time meditating on your own. I have many classes on youtube as well on previous deities you can watch where I even summon and guide you to them in sacred space. In addition, ask Amaterasu to visit you in your dreams and teach you lessons that you currently need to learn. Then record every encounter with her in your journal, book of shadows, or grimoire.

Meditation to connect with Amaterasu Omikami

Light some incense, maybe a candle and close your eyes.  Take three deep breaths, relaxing your whole body. Hold your intention in connecting to Amaterasu Omikami. You could say this in your head three times, ‘My intention is to connect with Amaterasu Omikami.’

Imagine you are in the middle of a field and its just before dawn. There is high grass around you with meadow flowers. Light is starting to show on the horizon and you can see that far off in the distance there are trees. You sit down and watch the light get stronger and then the sun starts to rise. You say Amaterasu Omikami I wish to connect with you, please connect. The sun then rises high in the sky and shines down on you with so much light and warmth. You hear a voice ‘I am Amaterasu Omikami. You are my shining light just as I am yours. I will help you to balance your energies and bring you joy. You can call on me when ever you need, for I am a Mother to you and I will help you and comfort you.’ You then talk to Amaterasu Omikami.

When you have finished your conversation with Amaterasu Omikami, you thank her and know you can contact her any time. The sun sets and the day turns to night. When you are ready, take three deep breaths and come back to the room.

Write down your experience. What was Amaterasu Omikami like? What message did she have for you? Did she answer your questions? What did she look like? What was the gift she gave you?

Prayers

One very powerful way to connect to a deity is through prayer. It is common in Japan for Devotees to utter heartfelt prayers to Amaterasu to receive her bountiful blessings of prosperity, health, and guidance.

“I honor you, Amaterasu. I ask you to turn your light upon me. I honor you with this piece of silk (or jewelry) and ask that it become a talisman of power. Goddess of the sun, bless me.”

The most well known prayer to Amaterasu no Omikoto. It goes like this:

Lovely Lady of the Heaven’s
Goddess and Guardian of the Japan People.
Amaterasu, with Awe we see your beauty Rise.Tranquil Queen of Heaven
When I look up to the Royal Sky
I see thee Shining in Great Glory. behind a screen of Clouds, The Sun
Amaterasu, For Thousands of ages Your Children have served you.
As your Brillant light did shine,
Now in their Hour of Greatest Need,
We ask you to shine the full measure of your blessing on your children,
May it shine from each Bosom, and Shrine. May it shine from each home, and each field. May it shine forth from each child you touch. Amaterasu, may the children of your children remember this moment with Awe, and sing your name with great Praise. Let them look heavenward and sing For Thousands of ages may she shine.
For Thousands of ages may we serve her. May we serve her with reverence.May we serve her with Love

Move your body through Dance

Amaterasu is a solar deity, and the kami of the entire universe which makes her a very vital goddess. What better way to connect to vitality than by getting up and moving our bodies? To connect to her more directly, do this through dancing to honor one of the popular myths which credit the birth of dance and music in Japan to her. 

Light work and Energy work

Since Amaterasu is a solar deity, a light deity, and the kami of the universe and higher celestial plane she is one of the best goddesses to call on when working with your own energy, the energy of the environment around you, and the universe as whole. She has the ability to guide you to your higher self, your sacred contracts and the divine in a very intense and illuminating way. Unlike when working with a dark goddess and being shown your shadows she illuminates the brightest and best part of yourselves that may shine too brightly for you to always see. To learn more about how to do energy work you can learn about in my previous blogpost here; https://modgepodgemystic.com/working-with-the-basics-of-life-and-magic-energy/

Pilgrimages

Followers embark on pilgrimages to sacred sites associated with the goddess, such as Ise Grand Shrine. These journeys symbolize strong devotion and spiritual unity with Amaterasu. So, if at all realistically possible try and do this at some point in your life to connect to her in a deep way.I have yet to experience this one but, it is a goal of mine to one day do!

Sacred Objects

 Worshippers create ornate talismans, known as omamori, that are said to possess Amaterasu’s divine presence. These talismans bring protection and good luck to their owners.

Live in accordance to the practices of shintoism

Amaterasu is the central figure to shintoism, and Japanese culture. So, one of the best ways to connect to her and honor her would be by encompassing the principles and affirmations of that belief system. To learn more about how to do that you can read my previous blog post on it here; https://modgepodgemystic.com/shintoism-the-way-of-the-kami/

Conclusion

Amaterasu has been a revered guiding force since her arrival into this world. Even after thousands of years, she continues to shine as a symbol of hope and inspiration for those who believe in her divine presence. Call on her when you are feeling overwhelmed and worried or feeling down and she will bring some spark back into you. Helping you see the bright side of things and to give you a powerful boost of shining light, shining joy and lots of laughter! Allow her to guide you to higher celestial plane and shine her illuminating rays on all that you are and provide you with all that you need! 

To expand your knowledge about her and meet her in a guided session or if you learn better through listening instead of reading. You can watch my free class with Divination Academy on youtube below!

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Shintoism; The Way Of The Kami

Shintoism, the enduring belief system that has shaped the Japanese way of life for centuries. Shintoism is an Ancient religion of Japan. Shinto (literally “the way of the Kami/gods”) is Japan’s native belief system and predates historical records. It is thought to have started at least as long ago as 1000 B.C.E. but is still practiced today by at least five million people.  And yet, Shinto is relatively unknown among the religions of the world. Shintoism is a celebration of life, focusing on the here and now rather than the afterlife. As we explore the world of Shintoism, we uncover not just a religion, but a way of living, a lens through which the Japanese people view their relationship with the world around them.

History

Although the exact origin of this native religion is unknown, many say that it started around the 3rd century BC. during the Jomon periodIn fact, Shinto did not start out as a formal religion. The belief mainly consisted of rituals and stories about a spiritual and cultural world that allowed people to better understand the world around them.

The ancient Japanese clan Yamato initially believed in Shinto only as a tribal religion but, as they grew in number, proceeded to propagate it as a means to establish and solidify their reign. 

In the 6th century with the arrival of Buddhism from China, Shinto began to incorporate some Buddhist practices. The pantheons of both religions were expanded so that Buddhist figures adopted complementary Shinto identities and Shinto kami were thought to strive toward Buddhist enlightenment. 

Shinto coexisted very well with Buddhism for centuries, as it was considered as an aspect of Japanese life as opposed to a competing religion. Throughout its history, Shinto has coexisted and syncretized with Buddhism, in a belief system known as Shugendo.

It came to be considered a religion during the Meiji period. Notably, during the Meiji Restoration, Shinto was used to promote Japanese nationalism, a period that significantly impacted its role in society.

At that time, many Shinto shrines were supported by state funding for a brief period. However, after World War II, the emperor lost his divine status and then Shinto and Buddhism were separated.

During this period, it became unacceptable that Shinto Kami were associated with Buddhist deities, so Buddhist images and rituals were removed from shrines and Buddhist monks were replaced by Shinto priests.

Nowadays, it has returned to its roots as a more personal and community-focused tradition following the post-World War II separation of religion and state.

Sacred Scriptures

Although Shintoism has no officially recognised scripture, two notable books are regarded as sacred due to their historical value i.e. Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) and Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan). The earliest existing manuscripts of these books date back to 712 and 720 CE, respectively, and both are compilations of ancient Shinto’s oral traditions, mythology, and folklore. No ancient scripture exists which documents or verifies the religious teachings of Shinto. The Kojiki and Nihon Shoki convey the details surrounding Shintoism’s creation myth in the birth and establishment of the Japanese Islands, but both seem to differ radically in elements of the narrative.

Kojiki: Completed in 712 CE, the Kojiki is Japan’s oldest extant chronicle. Written in a mixture of Chinese characters and phonetic transcription of spoken Japanese, it compiles myths, legends, and oral traditions, along with genealogies of the imperial family. The Kojiki is a primary source for Shinto mythology and is revered for its detailed accounts of the kami and the creation of Japan.

Nihon Shoki: Completed in 720 CE, the Nihon Shoki is the second oldest book of classical Japanese history. It is more formal and comprehensive than the Kojiki and was written in classical Chinese. The Nihon Shoki details the history of Japan from a mythological and legendary perspective, starting from the creation of the world and covering the first 34 emperors.

Unlike central religious texts that dictate doctrine and moral codes, the Nihon Shoki and Kojiki are more like cultural and historical records. They provide insights into the early beliefs, practices, and societal structures of Japan, rather than serving as guiding scriptures for spiritual life.

Shinto Temples

Apart from festivals, practicing Shinto doesn’t have a specific dynamic. Believers can practice Shinto any day of the week, in public or private Shinto temples. Also, they can have a specific kami shelf, called kami-dana where offerings to spirits are placed. Anyone can enter the public Shinto temple as long as they perform a purification ritual at the gates.

Both men and women can become Shinto priests (Jichinsai) and can decide whether to marry and / or have children. Jichinsai are often called upon to bless objects such as cars, houses and new buildings. Many births, weddings and other ceremonies throughout life are performed by them in Shinto shrines.However, funerals often follow Buddhist traditions. In other words, most events related to “life” are in charge of Shinto rituals, while events related to “death” or “life after death” are in charge of Buddhist rituals. The way I like to look at it and view it is, you live shinto and die buddhist when you blend the two especially if you practice segundo.

 You will recognize Shinto shrines from afar, by a distinctive gate composed of two crossbars and two pillars. This conspicuous gateway to the shrine represents the barrier that separates the world of spirits from our daily world. More often than not an animal is placed at the sides of each gate, to protect it. It is estimated that there are over 100,000 Shinto temples in Japan. 

Shinto practitioners will tell you that there are eight million kami, which is not a specific number but rather a synonym for infinity. Spirits Izanami and Izanagi represent the first men and first women, and all other spirits and gods are believed to be their offspring. The sun goddess Amaterasu, is considered the most important kami. God of agriculture and rice, Hachiman, god of war Inari, and Tenjin, the spirit of education and literature, are also popular.

Significance of Emperors

The Emperor and ruler of Japan holds a significant rank in Shintoism. According to early Shinto mythology, the Emperor was previously regarded as divine because he was a representative of the Kami and a conveyer of their words. A descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, named Jinmu (alt. Jimmu), is said to have become the first human Emperor of Japan. Folklore depicts that Jinmu inherited the magical powers and sacred treasures of the Kami and carried out the task of unifying the Japanese Islands. All subsequent emperors in Shinto history have been direct descendents of Jinmu.

Beliefs

Shinto has no religious text or a founder, it represents a set of principles that can be practiced side by side with any other religion. It grew organically from the animistic beliefs of the Japanese people, venerating the natural world and the kami, within it. 

In more recent years, people consider Shinto more as a tradition than a religion, partly because Japanese society is very non-religious. Shintoism is deeply rooted in the Japanese people and their cultural activities. Unlike many religions, Shintoism does not have a founder or honor a single God. There is also no holy book like the Bible or sacred place to pray  which is why it hasn’t really left Japan that much and you will find very few temples outside of Japan. Believers in shinto don’t feel the need to convert and/ or preach their beliefs to others in the desire to spread a sacred or holy text.

The many practices, attitudes, and institutions that have developed to make up Shinto revolve around the Japanese land and seasons and their relation with the human inhabitants. Shinto beliefs toward nature include the recognition of a divine spirit (kami) in venerable old trees, large mountains, and tall waterfalls, as well as celebrations of the highlights of each season. 

Shinto is polytheistic for worshiping many deities, as well as having an animistic view for believing that animals and inanimate beings have a spiritual essence.

One of the core principles of Shintoism is that Shintoism  is a philosophy and practice that teaches people how to appreciate and live in harmony with nature. Shinto emphasizes worshiping and thankfulness to the land, and natural elements, simultaneously reminding us that we are a part of nature and that we can elevate our spirit only if we reconnect to our surroundings.

Shinto is an animalistic religion since animals are considered to carry the spirits of the dead, which act as guardians of their successors. Apart from protecting their families, some spirits are also the guardians of the land, with various skills and occupations. If life is lived in accordance with the Shinto principles, the followers will get protection and approval from spirits. Shinto also favors truthfulness, which can be seen in everything that people do, whether it’s their career or relationships when they do it the best they can and with a true heart.

Kami

The concept of kami lies at the heart of Shinto. These spiritual entities, omnipresent in nature, are not gods in a Western sense but are revered as sacred spirits of places, natural phenomena, ancestors, and historical figures. 

Kami are omnipresent, with each having their own unique character. This diversity reflects the natural world’s richness, from grand natural formations to local landscapes. Some Kami have a national presence in the collective consciousness of Japan, while others hold significance in local communities.

The relationship between humans and Kami is characterized by reciprocity and respect. People engage in festivals, rituals, and offerings to honor the Kami, seeking their blessings, guidance, and protection in return. This interaction is an acknowledgment of the harmony between humans and the spiritual realm.

Kami manifest in various forms, often symbolized in nature or represented by animals, like the fox as the messenger of Inari, the Kami of fertility and prosperity.

The interaction with these kami forms the core of Shinto practices, which are carried out in numerous shrines across Japan. These shrines, or jinja, marked by the iconic torii gate, serve as gateways to the sacred, blending the physical and spiritual worlds.

Kami are also thought to be the spirits of the dead. In other words, when a person dies, they become kami, and the kami of important people is held in Shinto shrines. Once a human being dies, it is said that he becomes a Kami and should be remembered by his living descendants.

Not all Kami are considered good, however, and the goal is to ward off evil Kami. The Kami are seen as beings who exhibit qualities of harmony and cooperation and who assist people in accomplishing their objectives.  Shintoists seek and worship the respective Kami who are particular to their needs and wishes.

KANNAGARA

Kannagara is the idea of living in harmony with the kami and essentially flowing with the natural order of the universe. It’s about aligning one’s life with the rhythms and principles that the kami represent.

The principle of Kannagara suggests that every action, thought, and aspect of daily life should be in accordance with the way of the kami. This includes showing respect for nature, participating in communal activities, and maintaining purity in both a physical and spiritual sense.

Purification

 Traditionally, Shinto also involves purification rites and customs to overcome the polluting effects of death and decay. Unlike many other religions, in Shinto, there is no right and wrong, per se. People are considered good and evil is caused by evil spirits. In order to keep themselves away from the evil spirits, believers must perform rituals of purification, prayers, and offerings. Purification is seen as a way to get rid of the impurities of the inner mind.

However, Shinto does not speak of  a moral code, lacks religious scriptures, and does not conceive of a life after death. Shinto places great emphasis not only on personal virtues such as loyalty and honesty, but also on achieving “makoto no kokoro” (“a heart of truth”). As a basic attitude towards life, it is generally considered more important to achieve purity of heart, upon which one’s personal virtues are naturally manifested

KEGARE

Kegare is a fundamental concept in Shintoism that addresses the idea of impurity, but it’s important to understand it within the unique context of Shinto beliefs. Kegare is not necessarily moral wrongdoing or “sin” in the way many Western religions perceive it; instead, it’s a natural state of impurity that can affect people, objects, and spaces, disrupting the harmony in the world.

In Shinto, kegare is often associated with certain life processes that are considered to disrupt the natural order. This includes natural occurrences like death, childbirth, illness, and menstruation. Again, it’s important to note that these events are not seen as bad. They are simply part of the natural cycle of life that can cause a temporary state of spiritual imbalance.

To address kegare, Shinto practices include various purification rites such as Misogi and Harae. Essentially, these rituals are aimed at restoring purity.

KIYOME

The sense of purity, or Kiyome, is integral in maintaining a harmonious relationship with the natural world, the kami, and the broader community.

In Shinto, natural elements like rivers, mountains, and forests are revered as sacred and inherently pure. This reverence extends to the kami, who are believed to reside in these natural spaces.

Maintaining purity is thus crucial for a harmonious relationship with the kami.

Beyond the physical aspect, Shinto also places a strong emphasis on mental and ethical purity. This involves nurturing sincerity, a clear conscience, and positive intentions in one’s actions and thoughts.

Living in harmony with others and nature, and avoiding negative emotions, is considered essential in upholding purity.

MUSUBI

Musubi represents the power of creation, and it plays a role in the understanding of how life and the universe are interconnected.

Musubi can be translated to mean “tying together“, but its significance goes far beyond these simple definitions. It’s the coming together of elements to create something new and the natural forces that drive growth and development. 

This concept is seen as a fundamental force in the universe, one that governs not just the physical world but also the spiritual realms.

In the context of Shinto, Musubi is often associated with the kami. It’s believed that the kami themselves are manifestations of Musubi, embodying the creative and harmonizing energy of the universe. 

This energy is what brings things into existence, sustains them, and allows them to flourish. Everything in the universe, from the largest celestial body to the smallest human action, is connected through this divine interplay of creation and growth.

AFTERLIFE

Unlike religions with detailed doctrines on the afterlife, Shintoism focuses more on life and living in harmony with nature and the kami. The concept of an afterlife in Shinto is not clearly defined, and there isn’t a strong focus on what happens to an individual after death.

However, Shinto does acknowledge the continuation of the spirit after death. Spirits, or reikon, are believed to exist beyond physical demise. Ancestral spirits are particularly significant, with the belief that ancestors watch over their descendants. Festivals like Obon honor these ancestral spirits

Shintoism maintains a unique stance on death. Death is considered a form of kegare. Consequently, traditional Shinto practices do not involve funeral rites (and even when they do, they are largely derived from Buddhist practices), which are instead typically conducted under Buddhist customs in Japan, again this is the syncretic relationship between Shinto and Japanese Buddhism in action.

FOUR AFFIRMATIONS

The Four Affirmations in Shintoism are a set of principles that encapsulate the core ethos of the Shinto faith. These affirmations are not formal doctrines, but they effectively convey the underlying values of Shinto.

Tradition and the Family: The emphasis here is on the importance of ancestral heritage and the continuity of cultural and family customs. This includes honoring ancestors and recognizing the role of family kami in daily life.

Love of Nature: This principle embodies the belief that the natural world is sacred and that kami are present in all natural elements. It’s not just about appreciating nature but also about living in harmony with it and taking on a stewardship role towards the environment.

Physical Cleanliness: Cleanliness in Shinto goes beyond physical cleanliness; it’s closely linked to spiritual purity. Regular purification rituals are essential in Shinto practice, reflecting the belief that maintaining a clean body and environment is integral to spiritual well-being.

Festival: Festivals (Matsuri) are occasions to honor the kami and to reinforce community bonds. Matsuri are celebrated to mark the changing seasons, significant life events, and historical moments..

FIVE ELEMENTS

The concept of the Five Elements in Shintoism, though not as central as in some other Eastern philosophies like in Feng Shui and Hinduism, still plays a significant role in understanding the natural world and its relation to spiritual beliefs. These elements are seen as fundamental aspects of the universe:

Chi (Earth): Represents solidity, stability, and nourishment. It is the foundation upon which all things rest and grow. In Shinto, the earth is revered as a source of life, providing the environment for nature and humanity to thrive.

Sui (Water): Symbolizes fluidity, purification, and the flow of life. Water is crucial in Shinto purification rituals, used to cleanse both the physical body and the spiritual essence. It is also revered for its life-sustaining properties and its constant, flowing nature.

Ka (Fire): Embodies energy, transformation, and vitality. Fire is often used in Shinto rituals as a purifying force, burning away impurities and conveying prayers to the kami. It represents the dynamic and consuming aspects of nature.

Fu (Wind): Signifies movement, change, and the unseen. Wind in Shinto is often considered a messenger of the kami, carrying blessings and vital life forces. It symbolizes the invisible yet powerful forces at work in the world.

Ku (Void): Represents the spiritual realm, the infinite, and the source of all potential. This element transcends the physical, embodying the essence of existence and the connection to the kami. It is the space where spiritual insight and enlightenment reside.

Creation Myth and Rituals

Shinto beliefs and rituals are founded mainly upon creation myths surrounding the birth and development of the sacred Japanese Islands. It is said that Izanagi and Izanami (Heaven and Earth) were a pair who gave birth to the Japanese Islands and various deities. The sun goddess Amaterasu was produced from the left eye of Izanagi and the moon god Tsuki Yomi from his right. We are going to talk about this a lot more next time though so just hang in there until there!

Practices of Shintoism

Shintoism has plenty of practices that are culturally ingrained to the Japanese daily life. These practices are diverse, ranging from personal rituals to community-wide festivals. Key practices include:

Misogi: This is a purification rite that involves cleansing the body, particularly in a natural body of water like a river, waterfall, or the sea. Misogi is believed to cleanse both physical and spiritual impurities.

Harae: Another form of purification, harae is a broader ritual that can involve various methods, such as waving a white paper wand (harai-gushi) or a branch of the sacred sakaki tree over someone.

Visiting Shrines: These visits involve paying respects to the kami, making offerings (like money, food, or sake), and praying for blessings, guidance, or purification.

Omamori and Ofuda: These are amulets and talismans acquired from shrines. Omamori are protective charms that people carry with them, while ofuda are talismans placed in homes or offices for blessings.

Kagura: Traditional ritual dances and music known as kagura are performed at some shrines and during certain festivals. Kagura is considered to be a way of entertaining the kami and is often accompanied by ancient music.

kamidana:a miniature Shinto shrine designed for home worship

How to create a Kamidana

The most important part of the kamidana is the ofuda, お札. This is the paper or wood charm that is imbued with kami essence and it functions as the central point of veneration. It is housed inside a miniature replica of a Shinto shrine building called an omiya, お宮.

The other accessories that accompany the kamidana are called shingu 神具, which can be translated as “spirit tools” or “items for worship.” These include:

Sakaki 榊 – Two branches of sakaki are placed either side of the kamidana. Sakaki is a type of Japanese evergreen tree and is sacred in Shinto; the kanji for sakaki is in fact made up of the characters for tree 木 and kami 神. It’s common these days for people to display artificial sakaki with their kamidana. This might seem a little strange, but it has the advantage that it doesn’t need to be changed or watered. For people living outside Japan where no sakaki grows, artificial sakaki leaves like these are a good solution

Sakaki-tate 榊立 – Small, white vases for displaying sakaki leaves. In cases where real plants are used, the water in the sakaki-tate should be changed regularly and the plants should be disposed as soon as they start to wither.

Kagari-bi 篝火 – Candle holder, also called rōsoku-tate, ローソク立. They are designed for burning tiny white candles (rōsoku) which are lit whenever you visit the kamidana for prayers.

Kumo 雲 – This is just a piece of paper with the Japanese kanji for cloud, kumo, written on it. This is for fixing above the kamidana when it is not possible to position the kamidana in the highest point of the house; it’s sort of a way of acknowledging to the kami that they should be enshrined at the highest point but regrettably circumstances may prevent you from doing so.

Torii 鳥居 – Torii are “gateways” that you’ll find at the entrance Shinto shrines. They symbolise the separation of the mundane world from the sacred world of the shrine. They are particularly ubiquitous at Inari shrines, where they are usually painted red.

Heishi 瓶子 – Little bottles for offering nihonshū (aka sake), Japanese rice wine.  This only really needs to be offered on special occasions, like New Year’s Day. Sake can sometimes be hard to find outside Japan, so other beverages are also acceptable. Be warned though – the size and shape of the heishi make them rather hard to clean, and this, coupled by the fact that they are usually white in colour, means that you should avoid putting in drinks that might stain, like red wine.

Shinko 神狐 – Statues of the (usually white) foxes that are said to be the messengers of Inari Ōkami. For kamidana enshrining other kami, you might find statues of komainu (“lion dogs,” sometimes called “foo dogs” in the west) instead.

Shinkyō 神鏡 – “Sacred mirror.” In a way, this represents the kami themselves, as mirrors are often used in Shinto shrines as a yorishiro – an object into which a kami can be attracted. As it reflects back the devotee’s reflection, the mirror is also said to play the role of reflecting the devotee’s sincerity to the kami.

Mizutama 水玉 – A little bottle for offering water. When offering it to the kami the top is removed, and then replaced once prayers are finished. Devotees should aim to replace the water every day.

 Hirazara 平皿 – Most sets of shingu include two small flat dishes, called hirazara. One is filled with rice and goes on the left, while the other is filled with salt and goes on the right. Ideally these too should be replaced every day, but once a week also seems to be acceptable.

There are many other shingu that can be used to honour the kami, but these are the basics.

Shinto Symbols

Shintoism uses various symbols to represent its core concepts. For instance:

Torii Gate: Perhaps the most recognizable symbol of Shinto, the torii gate marks the entrance to a sacred space, separating the physical world from the spiritual realm. It’s typically found at the entrance to Shinto shrines.

Shimenawa and Shide: Shimenawa are sacred ropes, often made of straw, which are used to demarcate holy spaces. Shide, the zigzag-shaped paper streamers often attached to shimenawa, signify purity and the presence of kami. 

Sakaki Tree: Considered sacred in Shinto, the sakaki tree is used in various rituals. Branches of the sakaki tree are often used in ceremonies and as offerings to kami.

Mirror: Mirrors are common in Shinto shrines and are symbolic of truth, wisdom, and the kami. The mirror reflects the heart and soul, encouraging introspection and the pursuit of purity. 

Shinto Customs

Ema: Writing wishes on small wooden plaques and hanging them at shrines. People visit shrines to leave these ema in the hope that their prayers will be answered by the kami.

Omikuji: Drawing fortune-telling strips at shrines. These paper strips, which can be found at many Shinto shrines, offer predictions about the person’s future in various aspects of life, such as health, love, and success.

Hatsumode: The first shrine visit of the New Year. This is a widespread custom where people visit a shrine in the first few days of the New Year to pray for good fortune and health in the year ahead. 

Shinzen Kekkon: Shinto-style wedding ceremonies. These traditional weddings are conducted in accordance with Shinto rites, involving specific dress codes, offerings, and rituals that honor the kami and celebrate the union.

Shichi-Go-San: A festival for children aged three, five, and seven. These numbers are considered auspicious and this celebration involves visiting a shrine to pray for the healthy growth and well-being of young children.

Chinowa-kuguri: This involves passing through a large ring made of cogon grass, known as a Chinowa. This ring is often set up at the entrance of Shinto shrines. The ritual of passing through the Chinowa, typically in a specific pattern (often a figure-eight), symbolizes purification and the removal of bad luck.

Oharae no Gyoji: Often referred to as the “Great Purification Ceremony,” is one of the most important rituals in Shintoism. Conducted twice a year, traditionally at the end of June and December, it serves as a communal purification rite to cleanse the sins and impurities (tsumi and kegare) accumulated by the people over the past six months. 

Daily Shinto Practices

The Ritual of Salt Cleansing

Use the Purification Power of Salt

Sprinkling salt or placing a cone of salt, morishio, at the entrance purifies the energy coming into your home. You can also carry a small amount of salt wrapped in cling film, in the same way you might carry a crystal or amulet. In this case, make the package fresh each day.

The Ritual of Offering

Connect With the Divine Spirit

You may have a spot with candles and crystals in a corner of your room. Make it an altar and bring an offering of water or light a candle in the morning. If you are not into making such an altar, be creative! Plants or flowers in the house can be your spot to connect to the divine. As you bring an offering, sit still or stand still, put your palms together, close your eyes, and focus on your breath for a few seconds or as long as you can.

The Ritual of Speaking

Refrain From Harmful Words

This is something very simple, but we tend to forget it. Refrain from using harmful words or speaking ill of others. Words carry energy and vibrate as sound. We tune into the lower vibration by using harmful words. We can express ourselves without using these harmful words.

The Ritual of Appreciation

Express Appreciation to the Universe

Make a habit of expressing appreciation throughout a day. In Japanese, they have the expression itadakimasu, which is used before the meal and also when they receive something. This little phrase means something like, “I humbly accept and receive. Thank you, everyone, who was involved in bringing this to me. Thank you, nature, for making this grow. Thank you, universe.” This act of appreciation elevates our energy frequency and connects us to the realm of the divine.

The Ritual of Nature

Connect With Nature

Nature is the gateway to divine energy. Go for a walk in nature. If you are in a city or in the office, you can find a piece of nature around you. Trees, flowers on the terrace, sunshine, rain, moon in the sky … quiet your mind, focus on your breath, feel the existence of trees, plants, or flowers and feel the beauty of it and simply appreciate being here.

The Ritual of Seasons

Celebrate Seasonal Produce

Celebrate each season with the fresh produce of the season. With the act of appreciation, you enjoy what the universe and nature have brought to you and connect to this divine energy.

The Ritual of Washing

Take a Shower or Bath Before Sleeping

In Japan, having a bath in the evening is a daily routine. It cleanses not only the physical body but also our energy fields. This purges out impurity by sweating and it is a wonderful way to end the day and wake up refreshed the next morning.

Conclusion

Shintoism has forever been a part of Japanese civilization, so much so that a study of its development over thousands of years can rightfully be considered reflective of the history of Japan itself. It beautifully teaches its adherents a philosophy of morals that removes human evils and vices from the root. Shintoism is an optimistic faith and brings a very refreshing and harmonious way of living to your life.

 Next time we will take a look at a list of the main kami that are worshiped like Inari, Amaterasu, Susanoo, Izanagi, Izanami and more. We will also dive into the main stories and mythologies of the practices and culture, and take a look at Yokai. 

To expand your knowledge about Shintoism or if you’d rather listen than read; you can watch my free class with Divination Academy on YouTube below!

Reading Recommendations

https://ia800104.us.archive.org/22/items/ShintoSokyoOno/Shinto%20-%20Sokyo%20Ono.pdf

https://www.academia.edu/14183581/The_Fox_and_the_Jewel_Shared_and_Private_Meanings_in_Contemporary_Inari_Worship

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Setsubun- Celebrate the coming Spring in Shintoism

Setsubun is a Japanese festival day held between the second to the fourth days of February. Although it is not a public holiday, the day is still well known for Japanese people to perform rituals right before Spring begins in the Japanese lunar calendar.

It is also known as the Bean-Throwing Festival as the most famous ritual associated with Setsubun is mamemaki (“bean scattering”).

Setsubun (節分) is the day before the beginning of spring in the old calendar in Japan. The name literally means ‘seasonal division’, referring to the day just before the first day of spring in the traditional calendar, known as Setsubun; though previously referring to a wider range of possible dates, Setsubun is now typically held on February 3 with the day after – the first day of spring in the old calendar – known as Risshun (立春). Both Setsubun and Risshun are celebrated yearly as part of the Spring Festival (Haru matsuri (春祭)) in Japan. In its association with the Lunar New Year, Setsubun, though not the official New Year, was thought of as similar in its ritual and cultural associations of ‘cleansing’ the previous year as the beginning of the new season of spring

When is it?

Setsubun is usually celebrated in Japan on February 3rd, marking the day before spring with various traditions meant to drive away evil spirits and bad luck and cleanse the home and family for the coming year. Shrines and temples around Japan hold special festivals for the public to come together and participate as a community

What is the meaning behind this festival?

Setsubun (節分, lit. “seasonal division”) is a festival held on February 2, 3 or 4, one day before the start of spring according to the Japanese lunar calendar. It is not a national holiday. For many centuries, people have been performing rituals with the purpose of chasing away evil spirits at the start of spring.

Setsubun was accompanied by a number of rituals and traditions held at various levels to drive away the previous year’s bad fortunes and evil spirits for the year to come.

The new year was felt to be a time when the spirit world became close to the physical world, thus the need to perform mamemaki to drive away any wandering spirits that might happen too close to one’s home. Other customs during this time included religious dances, festivals, and bringing tools inside the house that might normally be left outside, to prevent the spirits from harming them. Rice cakes were also balanced on lintels and windowsills.

Because Setsubun is considered to be a day set apart from the rest of the year, a tradition of role reversal in appearance and dress was also practiced; such customs included girls wearing the hairstyles of older women and vice versa, wearing disguises, and cross-dressing. This custom is still practiced among geisha and their clients when entertaining on Setsubun.

Traveling entertainers (旅芸人, tabi geinin), who were normally shunned during the year because they were considered vagrants, were welcomed on Setsubun to perform morality plays. Their vagrancy worked to their advantage in these cases, as they were considered to take evil spirits with them.

The History

For many centuries, people have been performing rituals with the purpose of chasing away evil spirits at the start of spring. Although originally practiced as part of an individual household’s traditions for preparing for the first season of the new year, Setsubun is now mostly observed at various Shinto shrines, Buddhist temples and geisha communities.

Setsubun has its origins in tsuina, a Chinese custom introduced to Japan in the 8th century. It was quite different than how we see it today. According to the Japanese history book Shoku Nihongi, tsuina was first held in Japan in 706, and it was an event to ward off evil spirits held at the court on the last day of the year according to the lunar-solar calendar. At that time, tsuina was an event to drive away evil spirits that brought misfortune and disease by decorating each gate of the palace with clay figures of cows and children and using peach branches and walking sticks.

The custom of Setsubun as we know it today began in the Muromachi period (1336–1573). Every household of the aristocracy and samurai class threw beans from their houses into the open air. The [[Ainōshō]] a dictionary compiled during the Muromachi period, states that the practice of bean-throwing during Setsubun originated from a legend in the 10th century, during the reign of Emperor Uda, that a monk on Mt. Kurama escaped misfortune by blinding oni with roasted beans. The Japanese word for bean, 豆, is pronounced mame, which can be written as ‘devil’s eye’ (魔目), and some believe that the pronunciation is similar to that of mametsu (魔滅), meaning ‘to destroy the devil’, which is why people began throwing beans during Setsubun.

Around the 13th century, it became a custom to drive away evil spirits by the strong smell of burning dried sardine heads, the smoke of burning wood and the noise of drums. While these customs are not popular anymore, a few people still decorate their house entrances with fish heads and holy tree leaves in order to deter evil spirits from entering.

How to celebrate today

In modern days, the most commonly performed setsubun ritual is the throwing of roasted beans around one’s house and at temples and shrines across the country.

In the ritual roasted soybeans, known as fukumame (“fortune beans”) are either thrown out of the front door, or at a member of the family wearing a demon or ogre mask while shouting “Devils out! Fortune in!”, before slamming the door shut. The beans are thought to purify the home by driving out the evil spirits that bring misfortune and bad health with them. 

Afterwards you should pick up and eat the number of beans, which corresponds to your age.

The beans are thought to symbolically purify the home by driving away the evil spirits that bring misfortune and bad health with them. Then, as part of bringing luck in, it is customary to eat roasted soybeans, one for each year of one’s life (kazoedoshi), plus one more for bringing good luck for the year.

The custom of mamemaki first appeared in the Muromachi period,and is usually performed by either a man of the household born in the corresponding zodiac year for the new year (toshiotoko (年男)), or else the male head of the household.

Another widespread custom is the eating of Eho-maki sushi rolls. One is supposed to eat the roll without talking, while facing the lucky direction of the year.

Some festivals you can be apart of around Japan

As all traditional festivals, setsubun is celebrated in many variations throughout the country.

One place you can go to take part in Setsubun is Heian Jingū (Heian Shrine).

Heian Jingū’s Setsubun-sai starts with priests holding a sacred Shinto ritual at the inner sanctuary, leaving offerings to the gods on the altar, reading aloud prayers, and performing purifications. Than people representing warriors, onmyōji diviners, and the demon-quelling oni called Hōsōshi participate in the Daina no Gi, an exorcism once performed at the Imperial Palace in the Heian period. Men wearing fearsome ogre masks burst into the shrine and “terrorize” the assembled people from the courtyard, making their way to the main hall veranda where the oni leader does a victorious dance. However, shrine parishioners appear to banish the oni with lucky beans in a tradition called mamemaki (bean throwing), chasing them back out the shrine gates shouting “oni wa soto, fuku wa uchi” (“bad luck out, good luck in”). The people who came to see the ritual then gather around the main hall in the hopes of catching some of the packets of lucky beans thrown out into the crowd by priests, parishioners, and geiko and maiko, before the day wraps up with an ōhitaki shinji fire ritual.

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